An altar is part of the space between the worlds that you create, and where you do magical works. It is apart from the mundane, every day, life of your household. Even if you must use your dining room table or an old coffee table in the spare bedroom, visualize it as sacred space. In a perfect world we would all have permanent altar space that could be set up as magical space all the time, but that may not be possible for you. Don't think you can't do magic because of that, you can if you want to. If you live alone and can do as you like in your home, fabulous, if not then you must deal with the situation that you have.

There are certain considerations that you must take into account when deciding where to place your altar. If possible it should be in a space where it can remain undisturbed. If you leave your altar set up all the time, and you do not live alone, you must let your housemates know that the items on your altar are not objects of curiosity or stage props, and should not be handled. Ideally, no one should touch your ritual tools except you. If your altar is going to be just another coffee table filled with wierd looking stuff to paw over, you should consider either placing it in your private portion of the premises, or not leaving it set up between workings.

If you have more understanding housemates, or none at all, setting up the altar in either a private or public position in the home depends upon your lifestyle. Are you 'out' as a witch to your friends and family? If so, it's presence won't bring about difficult questions when your parents, who "never come over", decide to stop by. Some of the acoutrements of an altar are easy to explain, a vase of flowers and some candles are home decor, but the athame and that great copper wand with the huge quartz crystal you found at that funky shop aren't. Of course alot depends on how theatrical a witch you are. If you love the atmosphere created by massive candlesticks, linen altar cloths, loads of crystals, images of the Goddess and all the trappings, it's going to be harder to hide than if your more minimalist.

Now that you have decided on public, livingroom, vs. private, bedroom, and whether to leave it up or put things away each time, it's time to decide what sort of altar you want. This is in part based on what sort of witch you are, theatrical, minimalist, or somewhere in between. How much stage dressing do you like? If the decorations are useful in helping you get into the right frame of mind for magic then by all means, go for the props. You're carving out a spot for your magic from the mundane world around you, there are distractions in that world and if it helps your concentration to have a temple that looks like a Hollywood set, there's nothing wrong with that. If on the other hand, your body is your altar and your mind control is complete you really don't need much more than a flat surface to put some candles on once in a while.

Earlier I mentioned a coffee table as a potential altar, and in fact they make great ones. Most are large enough to put your ritual tools and a few candles on easily, and they are fairly cheap at garage sales or the Goodwill. With a coffee table altar you work seated before it after casting the circle. If you prefer to work standing, look for a taller table such as an old dinette table or large end table. It's rather nice if the table has a drawer to put your things in, but it's not required. If you, or a friend, are handy with tools you can easily build a simple altar for yourself, to your own design. Whatever table, or crate, you end up with, it's nice to consecrate it to it's new purpose, and purify it. Smudging with sage, ritual purification, exposing it to the sun or moon, all will work.

Now you have your altar, and some idea of where you want to put it, you must orient it to the correct cardinal point for your tradition. In mine this is North, altars always face North, but in others it is East. Use a compass if you are not already familiar with the directions where you live. Also, depending upon the tradition, the altar may be at the edge of the circle or in the center. In mine it is at the edge. Take this into consideration since if it is to be in the center, you will need enough space to pass on all sides of the altar. If it is to be at the edge, you can place it against a wall facing in the correct direction. When working as a solitaire you do not need to cast as large a circle as you must when working with a coven. This must be considered as well, is this your personal altar or will your coven be gathering at your home and using it for group work? This will determine how much room you need surrounding the altar.

Once you have the altar physically set up and oriented it is time to consider what will be on it. This may vary somewhat depending upon the sort of magical working being performed, but in general, the usual items include the ritual tools you work with, altar candles, a censer, and perhaps your Book of Shadows or a spell book of some sort. The simple diagram below illustrates this basic layout.

The colors indicate the elemental correspondences of the items, red=fire, yellow=air, blue=water, green=earth.

Additions to this may include additional candles if doing a candle spell, a colored altar cloth to bring in a color correspondence, crystals that are appropriate to the type of work being done, a Goddess image of some kind, flowers-either to decorate or bring in an herbal correspondence, tools for divination such as tarot cards or I ching coins, or other items that simply add to the ambiance. Some working will require special materials be added to the usual altar arrangement, herbs that are being blended into a sachet for example, but for most things the basic layout will work.

It is important that you put together an altar you like the look and feel of. It should please you, not your best friend, not your High Priestess, not your coven members, you. You have to work with it, not them. This is a place for individual expression. If you love Maxfield Parrish, and want to use "Ecstasy" as a Goddess image, do it. If you want to make altar cloths in each of the planetary colors, do so.

The main purpose of an altar is to provide focus.

It can be used to focus on the Divine Powers -this is worship.

It can be used to focus energy for making changes in our lives -this is magic.

It can be used to focus on communication with our Higher Selves and SPIRIT GUIDES -this is meditation.

All of these -worship, magic, meditation -are ways of focusing our psychic energy to accomplish specific ends. The altar can aid in that focus, and can be used to augment that energy and enhance the result.

Because so much of this process depends on the energy of YOU, your altar should be so designed as to have meaning for YOU and to provoke an emotional and spiritual reaction from you. This is particularly important because no matter how beautiful or correct your altar is, it wont matter to you if it doesnt help you access your own inner energies.

Altars have many variations. The simplest altar need be no more than a picture on the wall or a clear space on a table. The most elaborate altars are masterpieces of exquisite art. Most altars are somewhere in between.

In this lesson you will learn how to construct a basic altar, which you can then adapt to your personal needs -at which you can do magic, work ritual, and commune with the Powers That Be.

An altar is a place where you work magick, commune with your chosen

deities, have a quiet contemplative moment, or just ground and center to

re-energize after a hectic day. Many Pagans just starting on their path,

or even some that have been on their current path for a number of years,

have yet to set up an altar, and indeed may even be a little intimidated

by the idea of getting it 'just right'. Also, some Pagans who do not

consider themselves Wiccans may wonder if an altar is necessary for

them. Even many Wiccans may wonder if they real need an altar. Many

'experts' consider an altar to be of utmost importance. Others think the

only importance is what the individual places upon it. Thus, in this

light, an altar may or may not be important to an individual; and a

non-Wiccan Pagan may have the same regard for an altar that any Wiccan

may. Thus, an altar can and, if right for the individual, should be used

by non-Wiccan Pagans as well.

But what if you set up an altar and you don't 'get it right'? This is

impossible, as you will see. Setting up an altar means setting it up

properly for you; the Goddess and/or the God won't care whether the

altar is 'perfect' or not. Perfection is in the eye of the altar-maker:

What seems right to one person may not have any meaning at all to

another. That's the beauty of Paganism; if something doesn't feel right

to you, change or trash it! The joy and meaning of Paganism comes from

the heart, the mind, and the body; not from some external source that

must be appeased. 'Thou art Goddess. Thou art God.' While these phrases

are most often found in Wicca, generic Pagans (such as myself) can, and

do, use them and find the full meaning in them. Since the Goddess/God

(sometimes referred to as 'God/ess') is within us, is part of us,

whatever feels right for us will feel right for the God/ess (within

reason, of course -- murder may 'feel right' for some people, but murder

is a negative, destructive activity that no Pagan would think is part of

her/his religion/path/tradition).

Next, the altar should be dedicated to the Goddess and the God (or

whatever deities are in your pantheon). When I dedicated mine, first I

grounded by imagining the power of the earth below my feet (it was

somewhere down there under my second story house floor!) to be flowing into my

body. Next, I invoked the goddess and god into my circle by light two candles I keep

in a silver and gold holder,(silver to represent the goddess, gold to represent the god)

directions by lighting the yellow candle first

and inviting the Spirits of the East/Air to witness the dedication; then

the red for Spirits of the South/Fire, blue for the Spirits of the

West/Water, and green for the Spirits of the North/Earth. I lit an incense and put it in the

incense burner, and used the smoke from it as the consecration/purification medium,

passing the tools over it, then over the flame of each of the candles, in the order

in which I had lit them. Next, I verbally dedicated the altar and all

the tools to the Goddess and the God, pledging that I would never use

the altar or any of the tools to bring harm to another or to produce

negativity in any way. I ended by extinguishing the candles in the

reverse order that I had lit them and thanking the Goddess and the God,

and each of the Spirits, for attending, then grounded again, imagining

the energy flowing harmlessly back into the earth. Then, I was done.

An altar does not always have to be any man-made item, nor does it have

to be indoors. Indeed, given that Paganism is a Nature-oriented

religion, the best place for ritual is outside (in the woods, on a night

of a full moon...or where ever *grin*). A large rock, a tree stump, the

ground...all of these make perfect altars. As for the tools? Tools are

really unnecessary; they can make you feel more attuned to what you're

doing, they can help to ground and center, and they can help direct

energy for magick or simple worship, but they are not necessary. You are

the direction/energy/guiding force in your ritual. Therefore, you are

also your own altar. Always do what feels right at the time; listen to

the advice of others, follow it if it feels right, but most importantly,

do what feels right to you as you worship your deities in your own way.

The setting up of an altar may or may not be important to you; if it is

important, fine, do it, but do it your own way, so it'll be an extension

of you, rather than some table that eventually becomes disused and a

nuisance.

GEOMANCY Your first consideration is where to put your altar.

Most people put their altar in their bedroom. this makes it a very personal space, and assures privacy. This is especially good if you live in a home with non-Pagan roommates or family who might be intimidated by a holy object such as an altar in the living room.

If however your home is wholly Pagan, you may wish a more public altar in a living room, or a special temple room, at which your whole family can worship.

If you do this, you will probably still want a personal altar in your bedroom to use privately, which is attuned solely to your own energies.

In this way you can enjoy with your family the best aspects of both personal and communal religious devotion.

Once youve decided what room to put your altar in, you must decide where in the room to put it.

For many this is an easy decision -if you have only three feet of open wall space in your room and no way to rearrange it otherwise, obviously the altar will go in that three feet.

But if you have more than one choice available to you, you will wish to consult the principles of GEOMANCY.

Geomancy is the art of reading the Earths energies and aligning ourselves and our works to them -and through them to the energies of the Universe as well.

Geomancy is an ancient art in all parts of the world. Different peoples have developed different ideas about it, depending on the needs of their differing cultures. In Asia it is called FENG SHUI, and this form of Geomancy has become quite popular lately.

The idea of Geomancy like so many other things in magic comes from the ancient maxim of Hermes Trismagistus: As Above, So Below. That is to say, the idea that the essential nature of the Universe will be reflected in all of Her parts, no matter how great or small.

The main principles of western Geomancy are exemplified by the Magic Circle. Briefly, the direction of East is creativity and new beginnings.

South is action and manifestation. West is emotion and the subconscious.

North is wisdom. Everything that is Above or goes to the right (DEOSIL) is connected to the God, to matter, and to physical manifestation. Everything that is Below or that goes to the left (TUATHAIL, or less correctly Widdershins) is connected to the Goddess, to spirit, and to cleansing.

Your altar may be aligned to any direction whose qualities you desire to draw upon, but it is traditional -and generally best for the beginner- to place the altar toward the North. North is the Direction of wisdom and understanding, where the qualities of the other directions are integrated and learned from. Placing the altar in the North will help you to align yourself to wisdom and integration, and help you to bring these qualities to your magical and meditative practice.

Your altar itself also has a geomancy to consider.

The right side of the altar is warm. It is associated with the God, the Sun, Day, physical energy, and the elements of Air and Fire.

The left side of the altar is cool. It is associated with the Goddess, the Moon and Stars, spiritual energy and magic, and with the elements of Water and Earth.

The middle of the altar is associated with Spirit, or Primeval Deity, Who is within both Goddess and God, as well as all other things.

The back part of this middle area is associated with Primeval Deity, that aspect of the Goddess that existed before the creation of the God, and might be described as the Higher Self of the Universe. Hear is the Divine plan, the blueprint of the Universe which is mirrored in every aspect of creation.

This is the soul of Deity, which is expressed in many different faces.

This is often the focal point of the altar, where Deity is honored in whatever form is being invoked at the time.

The front part of the middle space represents spiritual energy manifesting in the physical world -the union of Goddess and God in the ongoing process of creation. This is where your magical working will be done. This area is normally left empty when work is not being done.

CREATING YOUR ALTAR Before you set up your altar, you will want to purify and bless your altar space.

Magic is the focusing of spiritual energy, and spiritual energy is constantly being effected by the actions and emotions of people.

Consequently it needs to be purified or cleansed -to have the residues of emotions and actions removed, so that energy can be refocused and re-directed. You will remember that this spiritual energy, which comes from the Goddess, suffuses all people and things and is the basis of existence; it is directed and shaped by concentrated thought, emotion, and physical action.

Once you have cleansed the energy you may proceed to assemble your altar.

This is best done immediately after the cleansing, and you should have all the necessary pieces nearby before hand.

What goes on the altar depends on what type of Wicca or Witchcraft you follow. It sounds like you haven't chosen (or found) a specific path yet, so I'll mention some general guidelines; there are *many many* different ways of setting up an altar.

IMPORTANT: You don't need to have any particular set of gear to start setting up an altar. Lots of people start with just a Goddess icon, some flowers and a candle.

Usually, people place icons of God & Goddess on their altars. Sometimes these are matching candles, sometimes different colored candles (gold for God & silver for Goddess), sometimes pictures or statues. Generally, the Goddess is placed on the left, God on the right.

Craft tools: athame, wand, cup, pentacle also go on the altar, usually in east, south, west, & north, respectively. This gets changed around a *lot*, even in very traditional groups, because of individual requirements: If your altar has to go on the east wall because of space arrangements, you may not want to put the Athame behind the central candles where you can't reach it. If you don't have all the tools yet, use the ones you do have.

Other ritual tools, if you use them: bolline, scourge, bell, cord, morter & pestle, cauldron, etc. If you don't use these, you don't need them on your altar.

Other ritual gear: bowl of salt & water, incense burner, essential oils used in ritual, simple feast ingredients (cakes & wine, to most). Some put elemental symbols on the altar, including candles for the 4 directions; some put these in separate small altars off to the sides.

Don't forget small mundane things, like a lighter, charcoal for incense, small candle to light other candles (if you need this). It's a good idea to have a cleaning cloth nearby, in case of spills. These don't always go on the altar, but it's really annoying to realize they're in the next room.

Anything you use in ritual could go on the altar. Many have seasonal altars; they have a centerpiece that changes--fresh flowers in the spring, fruit in the summer, gourds in fall, pine wreath in winter.

I've heard people claim the Book of Shadows belongs on the main altar. I can never find space for it, and I'm afraid of things getting knocked over onto it. (Like candles.)

An altar cloth is nice. Could be anything you like; many of us use seasonal ones. It looks good & keeps the candle wax & ashes off the wood. (You don't need a wooden altar. But most of us aquire one at some point or another. Those spools that were the ubiquitous 70's hippie furniture make great altars.)

The ALTAR TABLE is the surface upon which your altar is set up. It is not necessarily a table as such, but can be any of a wide variety of surfaces.

Traditionally altars have often been erected out-of-doors. They still are at ritual gatherings and for certain observances. In this circumstance the altar is often placed directly on the ground or upon a log or boulder.

This is the ideal, connecting directly with Mother Earth and through Her the Universe.

In this same spirit your indoor altar table is best made of wood or stone (as marble, for instance). Metal is not considered desirable, for the horizontal surface at least -though the altar table may stand on metal legs and often includes metal components.

Most commonly an ordinary piece of household furniture is used for the altar table, to conserve space. Many people set up their altars on their bedroom dresser top, or on a nightstand. Some people use the top shelf of a bookcase, showing reverence for knowledge.

Some people, to maintain an even closer link with Earth, will place a bowl or box lined with soil on their altar table and assemble their altar in this -though this is an unusual practice. More commonly a jar or bowl of Earth will be kept ON the altar for the same reason, rather than being used AS the altar.

ALTAR CLOTH You may want to use an ALTAR CLOTH. This is an ancient tradition arising from the time when all cloth was hand-woven and precious, and any type of embroidery a luxury.

Today altar cloths are used because of their beauty and capacity for symbolism. Details of color and decoration can greatly influence the flavor and energy of the altar. If you wish to use an altar cloth you will want to consider these details when choosing it.

If you are able, decorate the altar cloth yourself, with embroidery or fabric paint, using symbols that have relevance to your personal philosophy and relationship with Deity. This will bond it to you and fill it with your energy. Concentrate on positive, self-empowering thoughts as you work, so that the cloth will be imbued with these and radiate them back to you during ritual and magical working.

If you prefer a less handmade altar cloth for any reason, choose a cloth that resonates strongly with you. An heirloom, a treasured gift, or a cloth that puts you in mind of your hopes and dreams.

To prepare the altar cloth for the altar, you will want to consecrate it.

Do this by holding the cloth in your hands. Say I send out from this cloth any negativity which may lie within it or words to that effect, and visualize the cloth flooded with a strong yellow light, which passes through it carrying out all impurities. Then say something like I do bless and consecrate this cloth to my altar that it may aid me in my workings and my growth and visualize a clear blue-white light coming down from above and filling the cloth until it glows with white light like the Moon. Use this same basic technique to consecrate the altar pieces described below as well.

Some ideas for dedications

To consecrate and dedicate an altar(not alter) to the Goddess and Gods, first

find the place where you wish to set up the altar. This place must not be

disturbed, for it will take on sacred and holy energies, and you will not

want anything to happen to this area. Use some quiet meditational music if

there is some available. Remember, the more energy and work that you put

into your altar, the more magickal energy it will take on. You may even use

an energy bell or Tibetan bell to signify that you are beginning to call

those spiritual guides to assist you with your present work. Action is the

key!

Once you have found that place, take a smudge wand of Sage, light it and

begin to clear the air around the altar. Constantly, keep Love and Light in

your consciousness. Now, move to the four elements and ask for their

guiding presence. Use a compass if needed to find the proper directions on

the Earth.

North =Earth (Or fire)

South = Fire (Or Earth)

East = Air (Or water)

West = Water (Or air)

Around = Spirit

Goddess = Left (Or right)

God = Right (Or left)

xxxxx = Northern hemisphere Direction (Or Southern Hemisphere Direction)

Ask for their blessings and honor their assistance. Next, begin to set up

the altar, placing each item you wish on the altar gently and reverently.

Use the Consecration Ritual if you need to consecrate any magickal tools.

You'll know what those items are as time passes. The altar will change its

appearance as the seasons change. On your altar can be anything you wish,

anything! Some altars are outside, some are inside. Some are clean and

orderly, while others are cluddered with anything and everything around

them. Yet, you must keep this place of sacredness, honorable to the God and

Goddess.

You may wish to use two 7 day candles (buy at 99 cent store) to represent

the ever presence of the God and Goddess in your life. Black for God, White

for Goddess. Red of fire, incense for Air, small bowl of water for west,

and something of the Earth for North. Once your altar is set up the way you

want it, spend a few moments in quiet meditation thinking about what this

altar means to you. Now, allow the altar to fill you with its magick and

energy. Feel the magick around you. breathe in the Love and Light from the

Goddess and God. Visual yourself revitalized because of it's presence. See

yourself becoming more healthy, whole, and wise. Now, visualize healing for

someone else, maybe someone you do not even know. Send them Love and Light.

When you are ready to end your dedication and consecration ritual, sound

the bell once again, thanking all elements for their presence and

assistance. Send them back to their humble abode harming none on their way.

Now, thank the Lord and Lady for their presence in your life. Take a deep

breath of the fresh magick around you and repeat:

So mote it be! It is done!